An evaluation in January 1936 puts the population (p. 200) at 12,374,000 residents, That is 4.7 per sq km. The following table gives the absolute and relative population of the provinces and territories at that date (see p. 212).

According to necessaryhome, the population of the main cities (p. 213), again as of January 1936, was the following: Buenos Aires (municipality, therefore without the suburbs) 2,268,000 residents; Rosary 761.300; Córdoba 309,000; La Plata 260,000; Santa Fe 138,000; Tucumán 136,000; Bahía Blanca 108,000; Mendoza 81,000; Parchment 75,000; Paraná 70,000; Santiago del Estero 64,000; Junín 60,000; Chivilcoy 56,000; Corrientes 53,000; Mar del Plata 53,000; San Juan 50,000.

The number of immigrants and emigrants (p. 216) from 1927 to 1936 is given in the following table:

• Wheat production reached a peak in 1928-29, with 83.6 million quintals (971 kg. Per hectare); after a formidable decline in the following year (less than half of the 1928-29 product), production remained at 60-65 million quintals until 1933-34, when it was 77.9 million quintals. In 1936-37 it amounted to 68 million quintals, obtained from an area of ​​6,365,000 ha.

The cultivation of maize, which now occupies about 5 and a half million hectares, has had a great development. and annually gives from 80 to 100 and more million q. (in 1936-37, 94.4; in 1934-35, a particularly favorable year, 115). In 1936-37 the production of the other cereals was the following: oats (825,000 ha.) 8.2 million q .; barley (570,000 ha.) 6.8 million q.; rye (400,000 ha.) 2,250,000 q .; rice (13,000 ha.) 335,000 q. Among the Argentine industrial crops, that of cotton has made the greatest progress, especially in Chaco, which produces more than 90%; the average annual production in the four-year period 1924-25 / 1927-28 was 183,000 q. of fiber, which rose to 640,000 in 1934-35 (cultivated area, 411,000 ha.).

The production of tobacco (16.000 ha., 152.000 q. In 1935-36), of sugar cane (152.000 ha., 4.344.000 q. Of sugar in 1936-37), of vines (169,000 ha. and 5,750,000 hl. of wine in 1935-36), of seed flax (2,645,000 ha. and 18.5 million quintals in 1936-37).

It should be remembered that the increase in the cultivated area in recent times is also due to the construction of large irrigation works. Among other things, in 1937 the construction of the largest dam in South America, 50 m high, was completed on the Río Tercero, in the province of Córdoba. and 360 meters long, which gave rise to a vast lagoon tank, with the waters of which 60,000 ha can be irrigated.

The 1930 livestock census gave 32.2 million cattle, 44.4 sheep, 9.9 horses, 5.6 goats, 3.8 pigs.

• The production of oil, the most important mineral in the Republic, has risen from 1,025,000 tons. in 1926 to 2,180,000 tons. in 1936, 4/5 coming from the Comodoro Rivadavia area, near the Gulf of S. Jorge. Despite the increase in the last decade, production does not meet internal needs.
•  Among the industries, textile and some food industries have had the greatest development (tomato paste, pasta factory, etc.). The cotton mill, which had 60,000 spindles in 1930, had 251,000 in 1936; another 100,000 spindles are being installed. However, the national textile industry is still far from being able to be sufficient for domestic consumption.
• Great care has been given by the government to the roads. The 36,295 km railways. in 1927 they climbed to 41,753 km. in 1935. The ordinary road network is made up of 1000 km. of paved roads, 30,000 km. of artificial roads, passable all year round, and 100,000 km. of natural roads, impassable in some seasons.

For some years now, after the world economic crisis, foreign trade has been on the road to recovery; the trade balance is always favorable. The following table gives the value (in millions of pesos m / n, i.e. paper pesos) of exports and imports from 1932 to 1936:

Merchant Navy. – At 30 June 1937 the merchant navy was made up of 333 ships per ton. gross 318,530 (Lloyd’s Register, ed. 1937-38). This ship is exclusively dedicated to cabotage which is reserved for the flag.

The very modest efficiency of this navy is also impaired by the excessive manning tables that Argentine laws impose and, according to authoritative opinions, by insufficient tax assistance. Transatlantic communications are ensured by foreign flags, among which the Italian plays an important role. There is no large shipbuilding industry; the largest ship that has been built in the town is the Presidente Figueroa Alcorta motor tanker, of 4750 tons.

Civil aviation. – It depends on the Ministry of the Interior (Directorate of Civil Aviation), the body that controls the activity of the companies for air traffic and of the numerous aero-clubs (almost all subsidized by the state) which have their own schools for education and training. ‘work out.

The Argentine network includes the following lines: France-Buenos Aires, managed by Air-France; Buenos Aires-Santiago del Chile, managed by AirFrance; Bahía Blanca-S. Antonio Oeste-Rawson-Comodoro Rivadavia-Puerto Deseado; S. Julián-Santa Cruz-Río Gallegos, managed by Aeroposta Argentina; Río Gallegos-Río Grande, managed by Aeroposta Argentina; Buenos Aires-Santiago del Chile, managed by the Pan-American Argentina company; Argentina – East Coast of the United States of America, operated by Pan-American Airways; Argentina – West Coast of the United States of America, managed by Pan-American Argentina; Santiago del Chile-Buenos Aires-Brazil and Germany, managed by the Condor Syndicate in collaboration with the German company Luft-Hansa.

This network has the following air bases: Seis de Septiembre, Castelar, San Fernando, General Pacheco, Bahía Blanca, Pigüé, La Plata, Paganini, San Francisco, Córdoba, Río Cuarto, General Soler, Monte Caseros, Corrientes, Los Tamarindos, San Antonio Oeste, Trelew, Kilometro Nueve, Puerto Deseado, San Julián, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Resistencia, Posadas.

The only aeronautical construction plant is the military one in Córdoba, founded in 1927. It is directly subordinate to the Technical Directorate of the Ministry of War, and until 1932 it built only foreign aircraft and engines under license; from that date it also started the production of its own design both for military use and for commercial and sporting use.

Religion. – In 1934, it was completely renewed, through a new coordination of the ecclesiastical provinces, elevating several dioceses to metropolitan areas and establishing new ones (which we indicate in italics); so that now we have the ecclesiastical provinces of Buenos Aires, with suffragans Azul, Mercedes ; of Córdoba, with suffragans La Rioja, Río Cuarto ; of La Plata, with suffragans Bahía Blanca Viedma ; of Paraná, with Corrientes, Santiago del Estero; of Salta, with Catamarca, Jujuy ; of San Juan de Cuyo, with S. Luís (St. Louis of Argentina), Mendoza ; of Santa Fe, with Rosario, Tucumán.